Should We Have A Citizenship Test?

The citizenship test was introduced by the Australian Government fairly recently. As a western country, Australia is currently the most recent developed western country to have a citizenship test. However, there is a current debate being held on why is the citizenship test held for and what is the government really testing? According to the SBS news site, the Australian Government has now changed some of the content that is to be tested in the citizenship test and states that â€Å"would-be new Australian citizens will be quizzed on their understanding of their civic duty and responsibilities of citizenship rather than facing questions about Australia's sporting heroes † as it had previously asked questions about a Australian cricket player, Sir Donald Bradman and other irrelevant information. However, when questioned to why was the citizenship test was even introduced, a minister who appeared on an SBS program called ‘Insight' argued that this test was made to test English proficiency of the ‘new' Australians. The test was also made to give the new-comers a view on what is it mean to be Australian and what Australian values are? ,while stating all this information in a book that the participants would need to read. In my opinion, I do not think that this is a worthwhile test as a test can't possibly test whether the people sitting for it actually believe and practice these values but will only test their ability to memorize and learn facts and information out of a book. The test also doesn't use complex English but simple and easy-to-understand words. Therefore if the main point of having the test was to test English proficiency, it would be better to hold an English exam and to be able to apply for citizenship, the person applying would need to have been a permanent resident and would have needed to sit for an English proficiency test then anyway. This test is also a waste of time as the people sitting the test could use the time that was spent on taking the test and preparing for it on work and practicing ‘Australian values' to help Australia's community and economy. We have seen both sides of the argument here and to some others who may feel strongly for or against this issue, we can see that the Australian Government is trying its best to please the masses and that it looks like the citizenship test is here to stay for the long run.

Susan Hill Exploits the Form of the Novel in ‘Strange Meeting’ to Present a More Moving Ad Sensitive Depiction of the Corruption of Youth Than R.C. Sheriff’s Portrayal of This Within His Dramatic Text ‘Journey’s End’.

Susan Hill exploits the form of the novel in ‘Strange Meeting’ to present a more moving ad sensitive depiction of the corruption of youth than R. C. Sheriff’s portrayal of this within his dramatic text ‘Journey’s End’. How far do you agree? Strange Meeting is a novel that was first published by Susan Hill in 1971. The text powerfully depicts the emotional effect that a life in the First World War could have on youth. Strange Meeting tells the tale of two young soldiers placed in an environment that breaks people.Hilliard is a young man who in the back story has already experienced the horrors of war; this experience has left him to be out of place in a civilian life. Susan Hill tells us of a relationship that Hilliard and his sister used to share with one another, a relationship of which meant they could rely on one another for anything. However, after being exposed to the war, the effects it can have on a person show through. He no longer feel s that he can relate to her, and she sees only a different man when she looks at him now. Raleigh also the perilous effects that the war can have on a, the main character in R. C.Sherriff’s text ‘Journey’s End’. In this text Raleigh sees a man whom he once looked up to, Stanhope, having been destroyed and turned into a drunk. This reaction to the stress of war was a common one that many men turned to in order to cope with the war- we know that in the war many of the men were young men, and this was the only way they knew would help them to fight the loss of the people they may have lived with all of their lives. Almost all of the young men serving in the war suffered mental scars, and those who survived the war would almost never wholly recover from them. This shows exactly just how devastating the front lines were.Especially for those who were in the start of their lives, to see someone they knew come to the end of theirs so suddenly so young and in such horrific ways. We know that this was not a rare situation for people to be in; this was in fact happening on a mass scale to millions of people at a time. This shows just how insignificant the loss of life was in this time. The officers in both texts depict strong examples of the corruption of youth; however, it is hard to say which one, if any does so in a better way. An argument could be used to say that Sheriff produces a better example of how ast these effects can happen, and he does so in a very strong dramatic way. However, at the same time Susan Hill depicts the effects over a long duration of time, this is shown in a very good way at the start of the novel, when she introduces Hilliard, and says ‘He was afraid to go to sleep. For three weeks, he had been afraid of going to sleep’ this was shows how even after the war, or when a soldier left the war they were still being affected by it. This adds to the knowledge that these corruptions are not something that you can escape once they have taken effect.Both texts show great examples of how they did not just effect the soldier himself; they in fact affected every one they came into contact with especially the soldiers they would be working with and living with as relationships swayed from hatred to that of a family member time-and-time again. More so it affected the families of the solders, as the corruption of youth, caused many families to lose the younger members of their family not always to the war its self but often to the emotional changes that the young men would go through.A perfect example of this is in Susan Hill’s novel when we witness the destruction of a once great bond between Hilliard and his sister, all due to him wanting to block people out of his life in order to reduce the amount of loss he would face emotionally. Sheriff uses a lot of direct dialogue in order to allow the reader to feel the ups and downs that his characters were going through at the time, as well as showing how fast things could change. This meant that the audience was able to experience first-hand what was going through the mind of a soldier faced with the events that happened.Susan Hill however, shows a more in depth look at the emotions and feelings of the men at war. In doing so the reader is able to build up a stronger relation to the characters than in Sheriff’s text, as we go through month after month of what the men are going through, seeing every change they experience and every relationship that builds and falls. Doing this allows us to see and witness the changes that the characters experience and go through, it is because of this that we are able to see the dramatic change in the relationship between Hilliard and his family in ‘Strange Meeting’ by introducing the characters to us the reader like this he allows us to become more attached to individual characters and the characters on a whole, a lot more than we are able to with ‘Journeyâ₠¬â„¢s End’. In addition to this, Hill is able to exploit the fact that she is using a novel, over a dramatic text in order to set up an understanding of the character and to produce character backgrounds, in doing this she is adding more purpose and meaning to the characters and the story on a whole. This helps to portray the effects that could be inflicted upon people, by showing us how people are before, during and after the war environment.One of the main examples of the corruption of youth is the way in which the older characters react when they meet the younger newer officers serving alongside them. In ‘Journey’s End’ this is shown by the way in which Stanhope reacts to Raleigh’s arrival and presence in the trenches with him, and in ‘Strange Meeting’ it is depicted to us through Hilliard’s first impressions towards Barton. In the case of Stanhope, he meets a one former friend from school, whom he shared many experiences and who idolised him.Seeing Raleigh causes Stanhope to realise just how much the war has changed and taken away from him, as well as the intense levels on which it has corrupted his youth. This is a great example as to just how drastic some of these corruptions could be. This being, as it shows two young men separated by only a few years of age, who at the same time are worlds apart in how they look at life. Raleigh who has a strong idealistic view of the world and Stanhope who has aged greatly passed what he should be and appears infinitely older than Raleigh, and has even descended to state which all he can do to get him through the days is drink.This is very similar to that of Hilliard and Barton. Barton is new to the war and has yet to experience the terrors or feel the effects of the war on him; he is a younger man who is untouched by the effects of the war. Whereas Hilliard has been exposed for what to him seems like his entire life, he is no longer capable of living out a civilia n life. This has hit him so hard that at the start of the novel, even having been injured and relieved of duty, he wishes for nothing less than to return to the war as he doesn’t know how to live any life without war as its focal point.So when he meets Barton a young man who is the complete opposite to what he has become- untouched, unaffected by the war and what it can do to a person. However, all he wants is his life to be more like Hilliard. He does not realise that Hilliard does not like his life at all. Hill uses the fact that a large amount of the soldiers were uneducated or poorly educated to show Hilliard as a man who takes charge and places a great level of personal responsibility over the younger, more naive men, in this case Barton. he felt suddenly ready to defend Barton, as he might defend a younger boy at school who had blurted out something because he did not yet know the form’ this is a simile used by Hill to show just how protective and responsible he has become over the younger boy. In giving us a deeper and closer insight into his life, Hill, has been able to exploit this and show us the change that is occurring within him from the cold, emotionless person to someone who is beginning to care about this young boy.The meeting of these two pairs and the forming of these relationships are focal points in both texts that lay down the foundations in the texts. However, the way in which the authors have chosen to depict these relationships varies in both. Susan Hill chooses to show us the bonds that grow and strengthen over time. However, in the dramatic text that Sheriff is showing us, we see just how quickly relationships can be formed in conditions such as the ones these men are facing.This text by Sheriff also shows us how quickly a previously formed relationship can be changed, this is shown when Raleigh meets for the first time since school, his old role model Stanhope. A man who was once everything Raleigh aspired to be, but no w is nothing more than a drunk. This meeting allows Stanhope to realise suddenly to just how great an extent his own youth has been corrupted, and almost destroyed. When Raleigh firs arrives her greats Stanhope, and he replies, Stanhope (In a low voice): How did you – get here?From the patterns in Stanhope’s voice in this quotation, it suggests someone who is hesitant about the situation at hand. And to further this idea, the use of the hyphen this suggests a pause in what he is saying. This expresses his shock, and tension at the arrival of Raleigh which is rendering him almost speechless. Strange Meetings shows an impressive example of the corruption of youth within the war. This is when Raleigh has just finished his first mission as an officer in the trenches.Osborne has just died, and to him he has just lost one of his closest friends and one of the people who he trusted his life with. As a young man who has never, and should have never, had to experience the death of one of his closest friends happening he is destroyed by this and we see a great change in him at this point in Sheriffs play as he goes from an enthusiastic young man who was proud to be a part in supporting his country at war, to a one who has under gone a sudden realisation as to just how futile his role and that of everyone around him is.And he feels as though he is the only one that feels this way and that no one else realises this. This is an argument that takes place between Raleigh and Stanhope, after their meal following the mission. Raleigh: And yet you can sit there and drink champagne- and smoke cigars- Stanhope:the one man I could trust – my best friend – the man I could talk to man to man – who understood everything – and you think I don’t care-This laid back approach to one of their own men and closest friends dying, allows Raleigh to realise that he is not the only one who feels this way and that in fact there are other people fa cing much worse situations like Stanhope, who has lost his best friend and a man who was like a brother to him. And he discovers that these men have themselves realised the loss of their youth and how it has been torn away from them and replaced with this life, filled with nothing but pain and suffering. The only way they know to cover these feelings is to drink it all away.In conclusion, I feel each text brings its own points in expressing and depicting the corruption and deconstruction of youth in the war. Sheriff gives us a closer view into events and characters, as well as a level of intimacy that Hill’s text lacks. He gives us a sharper look and insight into these emotions that were being experienced and shared by the character, including the suffering and death. And due to this way that he has chosen to express these emotions sheriff is able to show an emotional impact that Susan Hill is just not able to achieve in the depiction of this deeply tragic and emotional theme . Word count: 2,241

Public Utility News Articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Utility News Articles - Essay Example Due to extraordinary characteristics of natural gas: high concentration of methane, efficiency in heat generation, and ecological safety, the global tendency, despite a higher price, is to use natural gas widely in transportation and electricity generation. The negative economic consequences for private and residential users resulting from gas usage are hoped to be covered through an increase in funding of natural gas technology development and local transportation subsidies. 2. The uniqueness of public utility sector makes it one of the most vulnerable constitutes of national economy, this is the major introduced in the article â€Å"Priority Required for Utility Security† published in Washington Times. US electric, oil, gas, nuclear, water supply systems can turn out to be the primary terrorists’ target. The continuity of service provided by public utility institutions in not questioned by the majority of citizens, however, the supply system might turn out to be the most sensitive part of the national economy. Utility related attacks are a major concern due to the fact that the national well-being depends on it. Also, the fact that water supply system can be used for further spread of bio-chemical weaponry should be considered. Thus, even if the population would still be able to live for a short period of time without water, the consequences of epidemics can hardly be overestimated. Security of public utility sector raises major life depe ndent issues. 3. Sakina Spruell in the article "The Tough Get Going: In a Merciless Business Environment, the B.E. Industrial Service 100 Produced a Number of Casualties-And Winners" provides an overview of the public utility institutions, major means of competition, leaders and the ways the leadership was achieved in a specific sphere of public utility industry. Major aspects of competition are introduced: non-discrimination, just market price and

LG Electronics and The Use of SCM Software Article

LG Electronics and The Use of SCM Software - Article Example The present research has identified that LG requires constant supplies of the goods that it produces in order to fulfill customers’ needs. In order to facilitate this process efficient and effective management of the supply chain is extremely important. Therefore, effective organization of all parties involved in the supply chain is critical as a result of their role in adding value. In fact, Christopher indicates that a supply chain is a network that consists of various organizations that play a part in performing processes and activities that adds value to product or service in the hands of the consumer. In order for all parties to achieve competitive advantage in the process, the flow of inputs and components from suppliers to LG’s operations has to be managed in such a way as to facilitate the minimization of inventory holding cost and the maximization of inventory turnover. The need for the use of technology to drive improvements and the use of SCM software cannot be ignored. Management of the supply chain is crucial to the success of businesses that manufacture goods and the internet plays a very important role in this regard. LG Electronics, Inc is a producer of consumer electronics, mobile communications, and home appliances. The company’s operations consist of four distinct business units – home entertainment, mobile communication, home appliance, and air conditioning and energy solutions. LG also has an international presence consisting of 117 operations. Worldwide sales in 2011 were USD 49 billion. In order to increase efficiency and effectiveness, LG has consistently sought to improve its competitiveness by improving the management of its supply chain. This article focuses on LG’s operations in India and its use of information technology to improve the management of its supply chain worldwide.

How the battle of Brandywine was a successful win for the British, but Research Paper

How the battle of Brandywine was a successful win for the British, but a tactical win for the US - Research Paper Example The Brandywine battle was a truly decisive war between the "Great Britain and its thirteen North American colonies". This battle saw the Great Britain emerging the successful winner while the United States had a tactical win.1 During the battle, the US forces were under the command of George Washington while the British forces were under the command of William Howe. At the time Washington was getting into this battle, he had just suffered a serious defeat in New York, which meant that a win in the Brandywine battle was highly essential in order to revive American strength and morale. On the other hand, Howe was highly inspired 1by the Philadelphia Campaign, which was mainly a British objective to capture Philadelphia during the American Revolutionary War. Howe and Washington were both significant and prestigious men in determining the outcomes of the American Revolution.1 The Battle of Brandywine The battle began in an early morning after the British, 2and the Hessian soldiers depart ed from Kennett Square. Their departure followed a walk along the Brandywine Creek with an aim to enclose the American soldiers across Jeffries’ ford. This emanated from the need to capture Philadelphia. ... The other squad of Howe’s men, which was made of the majority, was to march north of Wistar’s Ford, then cross the river at a location unknown to Washington. Having superior tactics and good knowledge of the battle ground enabled the British troops to defeat Washington and his troops on their own battle ground.2 In 1777, the British launched an attempt to wipe out the flickering revolt in its North American colonies. Its main objective was to split the colonies with converging expeditions focused upon the Hudson valley. During this period, General Howe refused to take part in the Saratoga battle and instead, moved into Pennsylvania where he defeated Washington in the battle of Brandywine. In Brandywine, Howe took over Philadelphia and defeated Washington’s attack on Germantown. American’s win in the battle of Saratoga came along with diplomatic assistance from France and other European nations. At some point, the battle at the Middle Atlantic region had co me into a standstill, but later foreign aid came to save the situation. The Battle of Saratoga motivated France to get into an alliance with the United States whereby Franklin and the French foreign minister of that time signed a treaty. Later, Spain got into war against Great Britain in 1779. However, the assistance given by the Spanish to the Americans was not of much help to the United States. On the other hand, the French offered immense assistance in terms of soldiers, sailors, supplies, and money, which were highly crucial for America’s success in the Saratoga battle. The 3Americans continued to fight valiantly, but, unfortunately, the British troops had outwitted them on the rolling hills in the Brandywine. The win did not stop the British troops from arriving at the battle ground, but

Arctic Plankton Bloom Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arctic Plankton Bloom - Assignment Example When a scientist says that productivity is a rate, he/she means that it is the rate at which organic matter is produced (National Geographic, n.d.). More clearly, in a scientific perspective, biological productivity is the annual rate of biomass production expressed in tons per hectare per year. Before discussing the factors that influence productivity in various ocean environments like the surf zone, mid-ocean and the deep abyss, it is important to understand the fact that oceans account for only one-third of Earth’s productivity although they cover roughly two-third of the Earth’s surface area. In oceans, coastal regions are characterized with the greatest net primary production. Thorne-Miller (1999) states that diversity of species in surf zone is low but the species that remain in this ocean environment is unusually productive, making the surf zone one of the most productive marine habitats. Wave action is a major factor that influences productivity in the surf zone indirectly. It supplies â€Å"nutrients and suspended food particles to plants and animals attached to the rock† (p. 68). In addition, the wave action keeps seaweeds wet in times of low tide, leading to a favorable photosynthesis rate during the period of greatest light intensity. Thorne -Miller also says that seaweeds and invertebrates living in the surf zone have the capability to adapt to the challenging physical conditions there (p.68). In the words of Foulger (2011), the major factors that determine productivity in mid-oceans include the local plate boundary configuration, temperature, and source composition such as volatiles. Productivity is notably improved by enhanced source fertility. A high fertile source will be characterized with a lower solidus, and this in turn would yield a higher level melting at a given temperature resulting in the thickening of the oceanic crust (p.87). Tyler (2003)

Assignment1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assignment1 - Essay Example Marketing is about the customers and the values they seek for the products and services they want to buy. Levitt provides a broad definition of marketing that is not limited to the product or company alone. He expands his definition to include customers and the world they live in. In essence, he uses a systems theory approach to marketing, because he understands marketing as the sum of its parts. The most important part is not the product system or supply chain system, though they are evidently critical to the business systems of firms. The most critical part is the system where customers are found. This system includes all factors that affect the customers’ buying attitudes, values, and behaviors. Marketing is about knowing this system and producing and selling products that relate to the customers’ system. The customers’ world is marketing’s world. This paper also agrees that having a â€Å"visceral feel of greatness† (Levitt 20) is pertinent to survival in this highly competitive world. This greatness should emanate from the leaders and infect the workplace (Levitt 20). The main point is: â€Å"Management must think of itself not as producing products but as providing customer creating value satisfactions† and that â€Å"It must push this idea (and everything it means and requires) into every nook and cranny of the organization† (Levitt 21). Marketing supports business vision and goals. The vision is to respond to customers’ value satisfactions needs. Marketing specifically pushes its products/services to customers and the whole company should be part of the marketing effort. This makes sense because when a few employees go astray in the vision, they will think that they are marketing products only and that is wrong, because marketing revolves around consumers. Levitt provides a useful, though expansive,

Com class- Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Com class- Blog - Essay Example This is an important reminder of how communication from individual to individual can be felt even through a recording. Communication is very powerful and wonderfully shown through the voice of slaves. The culture of the African American who has experienced such slavery is full of much hurt and pride. The listener can understand the hurt and frustration that these slaves had to experience. A sense of pride is also noticed because the African Americans seem to be proud that they have come such a long way. The language used by the slaves is the English Language. Although the language is English, the slaves have a slang that is used and makes it hard to make out at times. The language is perceived to be broken English. After reviewing some of the voices and the folklore songs it was important to develop recognition of the way the African American culture speaks and refers to things. This deciphering of language is used by many without recognition that one is even doing it. Language is wh at allows the listener to comprehend what is being projected by the African Americans. â€Å"Language is the primary means people use to communicate with one another† (Words and Meaning). This form of language through music such as folklore is common in many cultures. The folklore music presented by the African American slaves is like a story told in a different language.

5.8 Ghz Laptop Based Radar System Research Paper

5.8 Ghz Laptop Based Radar System - Research Paper Example This project will involve carrying out a series of experiments during the implementation of the Radar kit. Some of the experiments will include measuring the speed of passing cars. This system contains design slides, circuit schematics with a high resolution image. The MATLAB is installed in the laptop and a code is used for every stage of the experiment. The Radar system has 3 different modes it uses to operate which include Doppler, time and range. The system contains the modulator1 which produces linear ramp to regulate the pin in the OSC1. The modulator 1 makes the system one of the most complicated radar. The linear ramping plays an important role in the system of causing OSC1 to produce a linear FM chirp. This chip transmits and receives with the desired set magnitude. The system also uses a power supply and battery pack which consists of 2 battery packs and 12VDC power analog circuits. The battery packs are 4 AA batteries with each of them producing 6V and 12V. The report also indicates the bill of materials for all equipment needed in the making of this Radar system to enable proper budgeting. This is an important aspect because being a student, they issue of finance cannot be overlooked under any circumstances. The Radar system is important because of its efficiency especially because it uses modern technology. This makes it very effective because it has a high frequency of 5.8GHz and has clear images. The reason behind choosing this project is that a laptop-based radar sensor system is capable of measuring Doppler, range and it is also able to form synthetic aperture radar images. Its frequency of 5.8GHz is different from others and the idea is new in the industry. This new idea is meant to bring revolution the sector of producing laptop that have high frequency and with improved

The Darlling by Anton Chekhov Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Darlling by Anton Chekhov - Research Paper Example Although Olenka is charming, sweet and impassive, her weakness is found in forming personal opinions which changes in her encounters with men. The story presents a woman’s pursuit for love characterized by constant heart-breaks, loneliness, and disappointment. Moreover, it portrays the Russian society’s way of life as it was in the Nineteenth century. This paper examines the styles, themes and traits of characters as portrayed in the short story. Style Realism The realism style features predominantly in Chekhov’s story. This realistic style provides the reader with ideas concerning unfavorable way of life rather than ways in which he or she can lead a productive life. "The Darling" portrays people’s way of life in a Russian village to a certain extent. Chekhov focuses on the ordinary particulars of daily life as significant pointers of character, which gives the tale a fairly static tone, as relatively small events occurs in Olenka's life. In this sense, O lenka’s life is characterized by a sequence of marriages as well as deaths signifying the mundane activities or incidences in the society (Garnett 6). Soliloquy In the story, soliloquy is used in a number of instances, especially by the protagonist. Chekhov has used soliloquy to present the ideas of his characters as well as present their personal thoughts concerning her life and incidences that occurs around her. Olenka usually admires other people but keep the complements to her, because of the doubts that they may not be received with appreciation. This marks part of the soliloquy in the story. For instance, Olenka gives a soliloquy when she portrays her admiration towards Sasha, "You pretty pet! ... my precious! ... Such a fair little thing, and so clever." (Chekhov 12). Narrative Tone Narrator’s tone in the story provides Chekhov’s perspective regarding the character of Olenka. The protagonist’s character tends to portray a woman solely dependent on her relationships with men in order to find meaning in life. In addition, Chekhov evokes sympathy for various predicaments that women experience, which are associated with their lack of education as well as social reputation or status. Women facing these education and social status related troubles are portrayed to have a life of intellectual and emotional reliance on men. Besides, â€Å"The Darling† celebrates the protagonist’s character as a model of self-sacrificing maternal love. Denouement Chekhov used denouement to depict the climax of the story. Close to the end of the story, Olenka’s life assume a more fulfilling turn with the homecoming of Vladimir and his son Sasha. Her life begins to brighten with every encounter with Sasha as her presumed son. However, she is still worried that the things might turn out like they have been in her past life. Olenka fears that she may lose Sasha to his mother in the future. Although she happy for the time, things may c hange to what they are used to be: a lonely life full of grieve and heart breaks. Themes Female Disempowerment One of the themes apparent in Chekhov’s story is that of female disempowerment. In â€Å"The Darling†, Chekhov used his central character to present female disempowerment through her characterization as a model of female selflessness. It can be observed that use of the kind word "darling" not only patronizes but also demeans the protagonist. The society tends to congratulate or praise Olenka for subordinating or depending extensively on male intellect as well as

Feminine Principles Essay Example for Free

Feminine Principles Essay People usually accept themselves as weak and helpless because of the speed of economical and social changes and the destruction of labor security. Therefore, it is a period of the unsafe world we live in. However, a majority of real experts and specialists, especially women, are getting to know how to find out their workplaces rather than hoping for an innovated structure in the society. Women are different from men, in particular, in choosing the leadership ways. As a matter of fact a female advantage takes place. All human beings are created of the excellent coordination of the Masculine and Feminine Principles, and all persons have both male and female power as a piece of their being humans. Our views of male and female have been much distorted under the terrestrial circumstances that were the reasons of the derangement in the human life. Our common cultural ideas of what a man is, and what a woman is, are distorted, artificially created stereotypes of what these genders are indeed. A significant piece of this treatment process is looking for some balance in the relationship between male’s and female’s power, and reaching some equilibrium in our mutual relations with the male and female power around our world and us. We fail to do this if we have distorted concepts about the essence of a man and a woman. In course of time as a rule leaders have been depicted as men it is only not so long ago that women are starting to obtain recognition for their abilities in Leadership. Still, women can be such good leaders as men. The main thing is how women accept themselves. Being surrounded by men women shouldn’t feel unconfident and they shouldn’t be afraid to say something not to look silly. They have to treat themselves as strong human beings but not as weak creatures. †¦Feminist movements possess a unique sense for the instant future. Those movements have to be comprehended, not as an affirmation of superiority, but as the creation of fairness. There have been a lot of discussions about balance and equilibrium; accurately for this principle to come a reality women’s’ rights have been enhanced. People mustn’t think that this will be advantageous only for women; it will foster general balance, and therefore it is essentially for concordant evolution. Sally Helgeson in her book â€Å"The Female Advantage: Womens Ways of Leadership† portrayed an inquiry of four female leaders carried out in the 80s and comparing it to a study made by Mintzberg (How Men Lead in 1973) applying the familiar ways understood as diary studies. These studies are my favorite ones. They are carried out by spending the whole day for some weeks with the matter and registering every tasks then classifying them. The study by Mintzberg contained five men that have been main leaders in business of their times. This book depicted the discrepancies between women and men and set out that maternity brings up management, conversation abilities and capability to balance. Women concentrate on the process and men concentrate on reaching the set goals and completion. As a matter of fact women can be flexible. They can fulfill diverse tasks and assess coordination and relations. The writer determines the leadership system applied by men as Hierarchy. (Mitstifer, D. I. 1995) †¦This structure pursues a row of command; data is filtered out, collected and classified as it goes to the top across proper channels. The female leadership characteristics are depicted as a Web system that makes communication easier. I would like to trade places with Margaret Thatcher. She was sticking to the men’s leadership features. She has never set certain targets but she has been trying to make use of any opportunity. Helgesen revealed that the places of employment women had inclined to be webs of inclusion. She clarified that their organizations were structured like a web but not a hierarchy and that distributing data and information was a main principle of their efficacy. The web of inclusion can be named as a model for helping us redesign the institutions that frame our lives (Helgesen, 1995, p. 16). Web-like organizations are especially apt to be driven by clearly articulated values, since a tight focus on mission is the glue that holds their flowing structures together. (Helgesen, 1995, p. 286) The web of inclusion, backed up by the new science (Wheatley, 1994), reveals the universe in operation: not as a precisely calibrated great machine in which each constituent part is locked into its own immutable slot, but rather as pulses of energy that continually evolve and assume shifting shapes as the various elements interact, and in which identity is inseparable from relationship. (Helgesen, 1995, p. 16) The architect of the web works as the spider does, by ceaselessly spinning new tendrils of connection, while also continually strengthening those that already exist. The architects tools are not force, not the ability to issue commands, but rather providing access and engaging in constant dialogue (Helgesen, 1995, p. 13). The web procedure is something new, not just a team method; though a web of insertion usually fulfills a particular task, it is not dispersed upon reaching the purposes. Vice versa it plays a more long-term role as it outlines procedure as well as system, provides new ways of approaching problems, of thinking, of connecting people, of giving them information and motivating them (Helgesen, 1995, p. 33). In this way it is easier to achieve a mutual understanding as well as mutual agreement. Still, what is a female advantage? Can we say that women are better than men while being a leader? Women who made their minds to make a career change after several years of non-employment usually apply that time to check the nature of their job again in terms of more mature private and professional purposes. When they back to the place of employment, they feel better who they are indeed and what they are willing to do. As a rule these women can be a model for girls and for even for some men who, because of insecure place of employment, have to know how to change the places and how to be ready to be changed as well. (Helgesen, S. , 1997) Women are the greatest users of some general seminars, school courses, and private advancement programs. Women look for some new opportunities in training more actively, and they do not spare money and time for such purposes. Therefore, they are responsible for the things they do and they want to apply all their efforts. There are lot of women nowadays who are involved in entrepreneurship. â€Å"More than one-third of all small businesses are now owned by women†. (Helgesen, S. , 1997) Women had to discover strategies and methods that had to be suitable for the circumstances of the new economy and new world in general full of information. Womens biggest contribution to our life and our world can be their perseverance upon destroying the form rather than just setting. In such a way all this made them to invent innovated ways that are collectively reforming our world. Women have distinctive characteristics that can be called as `feminine principles that let them be better executives and leaders. These female principles express our cultures fundamental intentions about discrepancies between in what way women and men act and creation of such principles in the community results would lead to the better life. A wish to enhance personal relations, to treat everybody with respect, provide and distribute data and information, and work as a team group can be considered as feminine principles. A woman is charming and full of inspiration. A modern business woman is a cute, clever and astute, well-dressed lady. She is energetic and can manage people and money successfully. They can mobilize when it is needed, they are eager to adapt to the new conditions more quickly than men. If I had my own mercantile agency I would choose a woman for sure to work as a sales manager. Women are great diplomats. They have something that men lack in order to persuade people to buy something, for example. The strong point of women is paying attention to the details. Men are considered to behave more effectively at the top of the crisis, but it is more difficult for them to stand it for a long of time. Meanwhile, women are more sensitive towards stresses and other problems. However, they can firmly resist these problems if last for a long time. Women run risks less and they are more law-abiding than men. So, both women and men are human beings. They have much in common, but in the same time they really differ from each other. Men and women both have advantages and disadvantages. References 1. Helgesen, S. (1995). The web of inclusion. New York: Currency/Doubleday. 2. Wheatley, M. J. (1994). Leadership and the new science. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. 3. Helgesen, S. (Spring, 1997). Women and the New Economy. Leader to Leader. pp. 34-39. 4. Helgesen, S. The Female Advantage: Womens Ways of Leadership. Doubleday, New York, N. Y. , 1990. 5. Mitstifer, D. I. (1995, October). Empowerment. Kappa Omicron Nu Dialogue, 5 (4), 1-2.

Linking and Illegal Trespassing Essay Example for Free

Linking and Illegal Trespassing Essay Bidder’s Edge was different than EBay normal customers for a few reasons. Bidder’s Edge searched for bids on EBay to compare with bids from other bidding sites to find the best bids for customers. Bidders Edge could have potentially slowed the access to EBay’s actual customers on EBay’s site directly (The Recorder, 2000). I feel EBay gained concern because this process could have lost them potential or current customers. For example, if EBay was being compared to other bidding websites with low bids, then it would be obvious that EBay would not be chosen by bidders. Bidders Edge for me seems a lot like Amazon. Amazon compares several stores prices to find their customers the lowest price. The difference with Amazon is that they only search stores that have granted them the permission to do so. Also unlike a bidding website, all prices are as is. Traditional trespass to personal property is entering a premise without permission, misusing or damaging the owner’s property and also preventing the owner of said property from using the property as the owner intended (Bick, 2000). The difference between traditional trespassing and to personal property differs from the California definition of trespassing to computer services is vastly. Where with the traditional trespass to personal property is easy to prove, the California definition of trespassing to computer services is not. California definition of trespassing to computer services states that the owner of web site has to prove that the use by trespasser has caused injury to web site or owner. Being that a majority of the internet is public access, it can be hard to not allow access to certain individuals and companies while considering themselves a public website. Also an internet site is much easier to access than a physical property and harder to prove.

Public Health Past And Present Health And Social Care Essay

Public Health Past And Present Health And Social Care Essay Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 2006). The concept of health is the main theme and focus of public health. The concept of Public health was defined by the American public health leader, Charles-Edward A. Winslow, in 1920 as, the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health (Winslow, 1926) and also adopted as the definition by The Acheson Committee on Public Health in England, which reported in 198 8, at their first meeting which is cited in the Health Second Report of the House of Common (2001). What does this definition tell us about the meaning of public health? It means it is the organised efforts of society, implying some collective responsibility for health and prevention (Beaglehole et al, 2004) Public health is an aspect of health services concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. It generally includes surveillance and control of infectious disease and promotion of healthy behaviours among members of the community in contrast to medicine which is focus on the overall health of the individual. Public health deals with the population while medicine deals with the individual. The population can be as small as of people who lives in one community or as large as all the people of several continents in the case of a pandemic. As public health become popular to this modern time tensions sometimes arise between medicine and public health. Each discipline has its distinct priorities. Medicine aims at cures for individual diseases and primarily dealing with individuals while public health emphasizes the prevention of disease of the population and health promotion. The Health Second Report of the House of Commons (House of Commons, 2001) mentioned in the paper that Public health, according to the Proprietary Association of Great Britain, is not a term understood by the majority of the public and one of the difficulties with the term public health is that it means different things to different people. In addition according to the report that Public Health can span everything from a medical specialty to a specialty which is an awful lot broader than medicine and to almost a philosophy and Public health can be variously defined so as to cover trends of disease in a population, the provision of preventive and health improving care, or a range of health-impacting factors including or excluding the NHS. According to Brieger (1999) and Kumar (2007) the history of public health has been a flourishing field in the last three decades. Yet despite a spate of excellent monographs about various epidemic diseases and many good collections about health and disease in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, as well as Europe and North America, the most recent textbook on the history of public health is four decade old. George Rosens venerable, A History of Public Health, was first published in 1958. In many ways, public health is largely a modern concept, although it has roots in antiquity and public health impact and influence has waxed and waned over the past 150 years (House of Commons, 2001). Tosh (1984) cited by Womack and Scally (2004) in his book The Pursuit of history wrote, To know about the past is to know that things have not always been as they are now, and by implication that they need not remain the same in the future and according to Carr (1987) cited by Womack and Scally (2004), history offers a dual function, to enable men and women to understand society of the past and to increase the mastery over the society of the present. The importance of the history, knowledge and understanding of the past public health and how it evolved, its success and failures, its highs and lows enable us to increase our understanding of the present. In this paper public health history is revisited to see how past shaped the public health today. Past and Present Throughout the human history, community attempts to prevent and limit the spread of diseases which are the main early historical ideas of public health. Evidence of the existence of the idea of public health can be found in the earliest evidence of communal living and existence of diseases similar to what we have today. Evidences of activities connected with community health were well documented by Rosen et al (1993) in the book A History of Public Health these community health activities have been found in the very earliest civilizations dated as early as four thousand years ago in India, where evidence showed that these early Indian cities where consciously planned in which the bathrooms and drains are common in excavated buildings, the streets were broad, paved and drained by covered sewers. In Middle Kingdom (2100-1700 BC) archaeologist discovered the ruin city of Kahun in Egypt and there is an evidence that care was taken to drain off water by means of masonry gutter in the cent re of the street. During the pre-Christian era, about two thousand years ago, the problem of procuring drinking water supply for larger communities had already been solved. In the book it was mentioned about the impressive engineering works of the Incas. They established well-drained cities that were adequately supplied with water, thus providing a good basis for the health of the community. In Greece, for example, the Cretan-Mycenean culture had large conduits, and in the Palaces, such as that of Konosos on Crete, which dates from the second pre-Christian millennium, there were not only magnificent bathing facilities but also water flushing arrangements for the toilets (Rosen et al, 1993). Kumar (2007) mentioned that Romans believe that ill health could be associated with, amongst other things, bad air, bad water, swamps, sewage, debris and lack of personal cleanliness. In some places, Rome included, it is impossible to avoid all of these unless something is physically done to alte r the environment. The Romans resolved these problems by the provision of clean water through aqueducts, removing the bulk of sewage through the building of sewers and development of a system of public toilets throughout their towns and citys and personal hygiene was encouraged through the building of large public baths. These historical evidences of public health community activities are the source of early information and strategies on the importance of housing and sanitation in public health. Rosen et al, (1993) discussed the concept of cleanliness and it was very evidence during early days. Cleanliness and personal hygiene are to be found among present-days primitive and very unquestionably practiced by pre-historic and early historic men. Primitive people dispose generally their excretions in sanitary way, although their reasons are quite different to the reasons of todays generation. During early days these practices are connected to religious practices. People kept clean to be pure and clean in the eyes of the gods and not for hygienic reason. An interesting example cited by Rosen et al (1993) was the connection between the cleanliness and religion in the Inca feast, Citua. Every year, in September, at the beginning of rainy season which is associated with diseases, the people led by the Inca carried out health ceremony. In addition to prayer all homes were thoroughly cleaned. Religious traditions against eating pork among Hebrews and Muslims reflect the special hazar ds of eating those foods when inadequately preserved or prepared. As often happens in public health, even without an understanding of the underlying etiology, effective preventive measures can be taken. Successes in prevention reinforce the concept that disease can be prevented through human action other than prayers and sacrifices to the gods, which in turn encourages additional attempts at prevention. Other ancient practices which created a great impact in health of our modern time such as those that can be found among the Indian cultures with a well-developed system of health-related practices called Ayurveda (the science of living) that extensively used herbs and yoga (body and breathing exercises) based on three broad parameters, loosely translated as air (vata), bile (pita) and phelgm (kapha). While the exact date of the origins of these practices are unknown, it is variously estimated to have been in existence since before 1000 B.C. It is generally believed that invasive medicines were discouraged within Ayurveda, though some translations of older works suggest that occasional operations were performed on exceptional cases. Ancient Indian cultures also cultivated systems of healing such as Pranic healing (Mishra, 2003). The Ancient Greek would not have been too unfamiliar with some of the health and fitness regimes that are used by people today. The word Regimen was used by t he Greeks to describe peoples lifestyles: from which can be derived the word regimented (as in organised). The Greek philosophy of Regimen covered what people ate, drank, the types and amount of exercise that they took and how much sleep they had. These ideas were very thorough: it demonstrates that the Greeks knew that lifestyle could affect the quality of life, as evidenced by their development and championing of the Olympics. Such is the quality of the remaining evidence that we can even see that doctors advice differed for those who were rich: and could therefore afford to spend time and money on relaxing, and those who worked or were poorer: and therefore couldnt maintain as healthy a lifestyle as possible many of which are still visible in places today (Kumar, 2007). In China, although it is not traditionally known as public health, but health practices were visible already during the early days. The earliest known work on Chinese herbs appeared as early as 100 B.C.E., the acu puncture and moxibution, both of which have been practiced as therapeutic techniques in China for more than 2,000 years, the Qi Gong, as an art of healing and health preservation, dates back to the Tang Yao period, some twenty centuries B.C.E. which is about dancing and body movements, and various ways of breathing, exhalation, and exclamation were recognized as ways to read-just some functions of the human body and treat diseases (Koenig et al, 2001). Public health problems are caused majority by diseases which are transmitted from one person to another. One example is tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was a very common problem all over the world until a good understanding of the disease helped scientists and doctors invent treatments. Less than 100 years ago, many famous people died from the disease, including artists, writers, philosophers, scientists, politicians and even some kings and queens. The history of diseases can be traced as early as the human existence. Paleopathology, the study of ancient diseases using fossils and other artifacts, reveals that early Homo sapiens, who were hunter-gatherers, suffered from essentially the same diseases that afflict people today for example, schistosomiasis, prevalent in Egypt today, has been found in Kidneys 3000 years old (Kloss and David, 2002) and skeletal remains show prehistoric humans (7000 BC) had TB (Hershkovitz et al, 2008), and tubercular decay has been found in the spines of mummi es from 3000-2400 BC (Zink et al, 2003). According to Rosen et al, (1993) the first clear accounts of acute communicable diseases occur in the literature of classical Greece such as the writings of Thucydides and Hippocrates. In Hippocratic collection several known diseases of today were already mentioned such as malarial fevers, colds, pneumonia, inflammation of the eyes, suggestive statements of the presence of cases of diphtheria (although not known yet as diphtheria) and other unknown diseases in those time. In the period of the Western European history from the fall of the West Roman Empire in the 5th to the 15th century is known as the middle ages (Dark ages) religion takes a firm hold on science (Koenig et al, 2001). During this time, the Western Europe experienced a period of social and political disintegration. Large cities disappeared, replaced by small villages surrounding the castles of feudal chiefs. The only unifying force was Christianity, and it was in the monasteries that the learning and culture of the Greco-Roman world was preserved. Furthermore, in many of these institutions, piped water supplies, sanitary sewers, privies, bathing facilities, and heating and ventilation were provided. In addition, some monasteries constructed hospices to shelter travellers and sick persons, though the medical care provided in them was primitive at best. In Eastern Europe and Asia Minor, however, feudalism did not exist, and medicine advanced and became centred in major secular hospitals e stablished in Byzantium, Baghdad, and Cairo (Conrad, 2006). The two most popular epidemics during the Middle Ages were Black Death and leprosy. Due to the specific environmental circumstances of medieval Europe and the religion of medieval people, these two epidemics had great social repercussions In early 1347, a fearful epidemic of bubonic plague broke out in Constantinople. From then on, this great plague would reach Europe and kill approximately from one-fourth to nine-tenths of the human population in the affected areas. Black Death or Plague from a modern medical point of view, it is a pneumonic type of an infection, highly contagious, which could be transmitted via inhalation, ingestion, or even slight abrasion of skin. Usually, lung lesions occur and death may occur from heart failure. The walls of blood vessels are attacked frequently causing haemorrhages and acute blood poisoning. It is fatal in almost all cases (Byrne, 2004). While leprosy spread in every civilized country in Europe during the Middle Ages. The Order of Lazarus was founded, and Lazarettoes built in a great numbers: the work and the purpose of the Order is to segregate and govern the afflicted and dangerous part of humanity. The disease was controlled through segregation and isolation of those who were afflicted of the disease (Rawcliffe, 2006), which is a very important concept of quarantine and isolation for the modern public health. Successes in prevention reinforce the concept that disease can be prevented through human action other than prayers and sacrifices to the gods, which in turn encourages additional attempts at prevention. By the 1600s, the practices of isolation and quarantine had begun to be employed to prevent the spread of certain diseases; by the 1800s these practices had become common in the American colonies. Methods of smallpox inoculation also began to be used and apparently mitigated some epidemics, even before Edward Jenners introduction of a safe vaccine based on cowpox virus (Schoenbach, 2000). In the early modern world, after about 1500, the West grew in wealth and world dominance, but it did not grow healthier. Infections that took a terrible toll on previously isolated societies, so-called virgin populations, became domesticated as world travel increased and urbanization progressed. Diseases that had been epidemic became endemic in urban centres (Brieger, 1999). During this period the development of crowded urban living, created the profoundest health problems. The contradiction between health and wealth of the nation was not lost. The promotion of fertility and personal hygiene education, the policing of sexually and socially transmitted diseases through policies of isolation and treatment and other major public health importance to the public health of modern time emerged during this period (Porter, 1994). In 1848, after studying a typhus epidemic, the German pathologist Rudolf Virchow stated that all epidemics had social causes-most typically poverty, hunger, and poor housing. Virchow believed that improving social conditions would have a positive effect on public health. This important early perspective plays a significant role in todays thinking about public health, especially when there are major health disparities among social classes within an individual society or between rich and poor countries (Open Collections Program, 2008). The period from 1750 until the mid-nineteenth century was characterized by unprecedented industrial, social, and political developments, and the resulting societal impacts were immense, culminating in the Industrial Revolution (Porter, 1994). In the modern public-health advocates emerged in response to the slum and desperate working conditions of nineteenth-century Europe and North America. In centres like New York, London and Berlin the struggle for proper sewerage, decent housing, clean water, factory inspectors, district health officers and a regime of food inspections was born (Remington (chairman), 1988). First major written contribution in the field of public health was in Germany, Between 1779-1816, Johann Peter Frank, a leading clinician, medical educator, and hospital administrator. Franks fame rests on his massive System einer vollstà ¤ndigen medizinischen Polizey (9 vol., 1779-1827; System of a Complete Medical Policy), which covers the hygiene of all stages of a mans life. He undertook to systematize all that was known on public health and to devise detailed codes of hygiene for enactment. He was among the first to urge international regulation of health problems, and he endorsed the notion of medical police, whereby one of the duties of the state was to protect the health of its citizens (Frank, 2008). On the other hand in England 1788, Jeremy Bentham in the hope of making a political career, he settled down to discovering the principles of legislation. The great work on which he had been engaged for many years, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, was published in 1789. In this book he defined the principle of utility as that property in any object whereby it tends to produce pleasure, good or happiness, or to prevent the happening of mischief, pain, evil or unhappiness to the party whose interest is considered. Mankind, he said, was governed by two sovereign motives, pain and pleasure; and the principle of utility recognized this state of affairs. The object of all legislation must be the greatest happiness of the greatest number. He deduced from the principle of utility that, since all punishment involves pain and is therefore evil, it ought only to be used so far as it promises to exclude some greater evil.(Bentham, 2008). Through Benthams work Chadwick was influenced to produce his famous work General Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain (1842). As secretary of the royal commission on reform of the poor laws (1834-46), Chadwick was largely responsible for devising the system under whi ch the country was divided into groups of parishes administered by elected boards of guardians, each board with its own medical officer. Later, as commissioner of the Board of Health (1848-54), he conducted a campaign that culminated in passage of the Public Health Act of 1848. This legislation embodied his belief that public health should be administered locally so as to encourage the people to participate in their own protection (Chadwick, 2008). In1854. London was in the middle of an outbreak of cholera. At the time, Europeans did not know what caused cholera. People saw that a lot of people were getting sick and dying, and they ran away to other places hoping they would not get sick too. The discovery owing largely to the work of a mid-nineteenth-century English doctor named John Snow. He watched who was getting sick very carefully. He made a map and put a mark on the map for each person who had got sick and died (Steven, 2006). Cholera is caused by a comma-shaped bacterium-Vibrio cholerae-whose role was identified by the German physician Robert Koch in 1883. By far the most common route of infection is drinking contaminated water. And, since water comes to contain V. cholerae through the excrement of cholera victims, an outbreak of the disease is evidence that people have been drinking each others feces (Steven, 2006). The classic investigations on the transmission of cholera by John Snow in 1854 and other diseases such as typhoid fever by William Budd in 1834, and puerperal fever by Ignaz Semmelweis in 1847 led to understanding and the ability to reduce the spread of major infections and other studies and researches and give rise to the birth of epidemiology (Schoenbach, 2000) which is a very important field in the modern public health. Two major points can be drawn from historical perspective with the 19th century the dramatic advances in the effectiveness of public health  ­ the great sanitary awakening and the advent of bacteriology and the germ theory (Schoenbach, 2000). The rapid advances in the scientific knowledge about causes and prevention of numerous diseases brought tremendous changes in public health. Many major contagious diseases were brought under control through science applied in public health. The identification of bacteria and the development of interventions such as immunization and water purification techniques provided a means of controlling and preventing the spread of diseases (Remington (chairman), 1988).The advance in understanding of infectious disease that constituted the arrival of the bacteriologic era at the end of the century dramatically increased the effectiveness of public health action. In one dramatic example, mosquito control brought the number of yellow fever deaths in Havana from 305 to 6 in a single. Cholera, typhoid fever, and tuberculosis, the great scourges of humanity, rapidly came under control in the industrialized countries (Schoenbach, 2000). However, with the decline in severity of infectious disease came a rise in mental illnesses, drug addictions, chronic diseases, cancer, and injuries and health damage associated with industrial labour and new emergence of infectious diseases associated with lifestyle such as HIV, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and re-emergence of diseases once thought defeated or least controlled like TB and malaria are back and have developed resistance to the drugs. Hospitals are today besieged by new forms of infection such as MRSA and C. dificiles that are resistant to most known antibiotics because of abuse and misuse of antibiotics. The changing demographic profile of the country such as increasing over 65 years population, the financial, health and care cost and provisions, ethnicity, diversity, the natural environment including source of water, types of food, clean air, different philosophies about animal use in research, technological advances such as bio-engineering, genetic engineering and human embryonic technology adds to the challenges of the modern public health. Over the course of history such as the Sanitary movement of the nineteenth century and the development of bacteriology substantially lowered death rates from enteric diseases and other serious health problems still existed (House of Commons). Despite remarkable success in lowering deaths from typhoid, diphtheria, and other contagious diseases, considerable disability continuous to exist in the population. It also became clear that diseases, even for treatment was available, still predominantly affected urban poor (Remington (chairman), 1988). In the Twentieth Century, health, as measured by life expectancy, has improved for the population of Britain to a remarkable extent. Life expectancy in England and Wales has increased from 52 years for men and 55 years for women in 1910, to 74 years and 79 years respectively in 1994. Over the same period infant mortality has fallen from around 105 per thousand to six per thousand. Over the past twenty years, overall mortality rates have continue d to decrease. However, health indicators such as mortality and morbidity rates have not improved at the same rates for everyone, with the result that health gap between the healthiest groups and the least healthy groups has now widened and is widening further (House of Commons, 2001). Health inequalities between develop countries and developing countries still exist at this modern time. Concern about health inequalities and other distributional aspects (disparity) of health status and service use has enjoyed varying degrees of attention over the years. During the 1970s and early 1980s, distributional concerns (i.e. a concern for about the health status of different socio-economic groups within society as distinct from the overall societal average) were dominant in thought about international health. These concerns then receded for about a decade, from around the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, as attention turned from equity to efficiency. Now, the pendulum has begun to swing back, and distributional concerns are on the rise (Gwatkin, 2002). Those who are most vulnerable to evolving health crises tend to be the poor and marginalized who already suffer from numerous inequities and lack of opportunities. Another striking example of the disparity in emerging health issues is found in environmental health. While the industrialized world, representing 15% of the worlds population, consumes more than 60% of world energy, the developing world shoulders the greater health burden from modern environmental hazards. According to the World Health Organization, more than 40% of the total disease burden (in disability adjusted life years lost DALYs) due to urban air pollution occurs in developing countries. Children are especially vulnerable to chemical, physical and biological hazards in their environments because they are in a very active growth stage and the ability of their bodies to detoxify is not fully developed (Global Health Council, 2008). Despite progress over the last decades, health conditions in many developing countries are still unsatisfactory and, in most instances, health outcomes in these economies remain below those attained in the developed countries, with a significant share of the populations suffering from reventable and/or easily treatable diseases. To a large extent, global inequalities in health outcomes eflect the enormous socio-economic disparities that exist between rich and poor countries. Simultaneously, inequalities in health outcomes are prevalent between or among different socio-economic, ethnic, racial, cultural groups in a country: for example, between male and female, between urban and rural populations, between rich and poor groups, the old and the young, etc. (CDP Working Group on Global Public Health, 2009) The world is entering a new era in which, paradoxically, improvements in some health indicators and major reversals in other indicators are occurring simultaneously. Rapid changes in an already complex global health situation are taking place in a context in which the global public-health workforce is unprepared to confront these challenges (Beaglehole et al, 2004). Modern technologies give rise to modern public health problems such as high rates of occupational diseases and industrial injuries led to programs for industrial hygiene and occupational health. Mental health (stress and depression) was identified as a public health issue, and specific nutritional deficiencies were recognized as risk factors for a spectrum of diseases and other health nutritional related diseases such as obesity and malnutrition. The urban development patterns and global trade policies have had a direct impact on the emergence of preventable injuries and tobacco use as major public health threats. In 2000, unintentional injuries (e.g. road traffic injuries and poisoning) and intentional injuries (e.g. interpersonal violence and war) accounted for 9% of the world deaths and 12% of the global burden of disease and according to WHOs Tobacco Free Initiative, tobacco use accounted for 6% of the world deaths in 1990; however, if current use patterns persist, deaths due to tobacco use are expected to increase to 18% by the year 2020 (Global health Council, 2008). Another modern public health issue is the concept of Drug abuse is a major public health problem that impacts society on multiple levels. Directly or indirectly, every community is affected by drug abuse and addiction, as is every family. Drugs take a tremendous toll on our society at many levels (National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2008) and the problem of infectious diseases is another issue of present public health. According to the World Health Organizations 2004 World Health Report, infectious diseases accounted for about 26 percent of the 57 million deaths worldwide in 2002. Collectively, infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death globally, following cardiovascular disease, but among young people (those under the age of 50) infections are overwhelmingly the leading cause of death. In addition, infectious diseases account for nearly 30 percent of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which reflect the number of healthy years lost to illness. Todays infectious diseases can be a newly emerging disease, is a disease that has never been recognized before, such as HIV/AIDS is a newly emerging disease, as is severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Nipah virus encephalitis, and variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease while Re-emerging, or resurging, diseases are those that have been around for decades or centuries, but have come back in a different form or a different location. Examples are West Nile virus in the Western hemisphere, monkeypox in the United States, and dengue rebounding in B razil and other parts of South America and working its way into the Caribbean. Deliberately emerging diseases are those that are intentionally introduced. These are agents of bioterror, the most recent and important example of which is anthrax. Newly emerging, re-emerging, and deliberately emerging diseases are all treated much the same way from a public health and scientific standpoint (Fauci, 2006). Conclusion To tackle the major global health challenges effectively, the practice of public health will need to change. It is not sufficient to focus only on urgent health priorities, for example, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria in Africa, or the narrowly focused Millennium Development Goals. Programmes and policies are required that respond to poverty-the basic cause of much of the global burden of disease-prevent the emerging epidemics of non-communicable disease, and address global environmental change, natural, and man-made disasters, and the need for sustainable health development. The justification for action is that health is both an end in itself-a human right-as well as a prerequisite for human development (Beaglehole et al, 2004) and it is important to recognised the potential value of historical research for studying health services and for influencing health care policy. Responsibility for the lack of use of history in formulating policy lies both with policy-makers and historia ns. History can help them realize the constraints they face and help them plan accordingly, a situation well expressed by Antonio Gramsci in the 1920s: man can affect his own development and that of his surroundings only so far as he has a clear view of what the possibilities of action open to him are. To do this he has to understand the historical situation in which he finds himself: and once he does this, then he can play an active part in modifying that situation. historys contribution complements those from other disciplines. It has an additional unique role. It can help policy-makers understand the limitations they inevitably face and, in doing so, can help them maintain realistic expectations. Carefully formulated policies to shape the future are always going

The Origins Of The Church Of Scientology Essay -- Religion Scientology

During the dawn of the mid 20th century a new idea began to formulate within the mind of L. Ron Hubbard that would later give birth to what is known today as one of the fastest growing religions of the 21st century; this controversial religion is called Scientology. Scientology has acquired many individuals from all walks of life, ethnicities, and International regions of the world into its membership. According to the New Oxford American Dictionary the definition of Scientology is â€Å"a religious system based on the seeking of self-knowledge and spiritual fulfillment through graded courses of study and training.† In addition, Scientology claims to comprise the remedies used to deliver people from drugs and alcohol abuse, as well as, therapeutic solutions to help others recover from serious injuries at an astonishing progressive rate. In essence, this movement’s main agenda is to bring order to a world of chaos through spreading its teachings, improving environmental conditions on planet earth, and developing the holistic being through using different methodologies and technologies. Moreover, by obtaining a basic understanding of Scientology and its purpose we can now explore and uncover the answer to a question that sparks the curiosity of outsiders in western civilization; such a question is How did it Begin? The origins of this culture began in the year of 1923 when L. Ron Hubbard started his studies of the mind and spirit. Likewise, such studies resulted in the creation of a manuscript entitled Excalibur; this book was completed in 1938 but was never published. Furthermore, it was in this unpublished work that the word â€Å"Scientology† first appeared. The literal interpretation of the phrase means â€Å"the study of knowing how t... ...sion, my answer to the â€Å"church† of Scientology pertaining to the existence of God will be in the form of a philosophical question that states, if a tree falls in the forest and no one is around to hear it does it make a sound? Works Cited 1) Cooper, Paulette â€Å"The High Cost Of Scientology.† The Scandal Of Scientology. Web. 28th Nov. 1997 2) Communication Office Bulletin (HCOB). Hubbard, L. Ron. 18 July 1959. 3) â€Å"Dianetics.† New Oxford American Dictionary. Version 2.0.3 2005-2007. 4) lronhubbard.org/biography. N.P., 1995-2010. Web. 6 Nov. 2010 5) patheos.com. N.p., 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 6 Nov. 2010 6) â€Å"Scientology.† New Oxford American Dictionary. Version 2.0.3 2005-2007. 7) The New King James Version (NKJV) Bible. Ed. Thomas Nelson Nashville: 1982. 8) Watchman Fellowship. â€Å"What Christians Should Know about the Church of Scientology.† Web. 1 Jan. 2009.

My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays

The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.          My Antonia Essay: The Role of Women -- My Antonia Essays The Role of Women in My Antonia  Ã‚        Ã‚   In her novel, My Antonia, Cather represents the frontier as a new nation. Blanche Gelfant notes that Cather "creat[ed] images of strong and resourceful women upon whom the fate of a new country depended" . This responsibility, along with the "economic productivity" Gilbert and Gubar cite (173), reinforces the sense that women hold a different place in this frontier community than they would in the more settled areas of America.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One manner in which this unusual place can be seen is in the women's privileged relationship to the land in the text. While Jim Burden attends school, it is Antonia who shapes and works the new land that the pioneers inhabit, going "from farm to farm" to fill the need for agricultural hands (111). While Otto and Jake fill this need early in the text, it is predominantly Antonia's cultivation of the land that is followed throughout the remainder of the text. Similarly, the concrete contributions of the "hired girls" stand in pointed contrast to the invisible and/or passive employment of male characters such as Mr. Harling.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the same way, Jim recognizes that it is the "hired girls" like Antonia who will form the backbone of the society when the next generation comes: "the girls who once worked in Black Hawk kitchens are to-day [sic] managing big farms and fine families of their own; their children are better off than the children of the women they used to serve" (150-1). These assertions--of the women's direct involvement of the development of the region, both agriculturally and socially--highlight an important point: "it is insufficient to think of nationalism affecting gender in a one-way relationship" (Walby 237). In other words,... ...Own: Attitudes Toward Women in Willa Cather's Short Fiction." Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 81-89. Mosse, George. Nationalism and Sexuality: Respectability and Abnormal Sexuality in Modern Europe. New York: Howard Fertig, Inc., 1985. Ryan, Maureen. "No Woman's Land: Gender in Willa Cather's One of Ours." Studies in American Fiction 18 (Spring 1990): 65-75. Summers, Claude J. "'A Losing Game in the End': Aestheticism and Homosexuality in Cather's 'Paul's Case.'" Modern Fiction Studies 36:1 (Spring 1990): 103-119. Walby, Sylvia. "Woman and Nation." Mapping the Nation. ed. Gopal Balakrishnan. New York: Verso, 1996. 235-254. Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press Ltd., 1938. Wussow, Helen. "Language, Gender, and Ethnicity in Three Fictions by Willa Cather." Women and Language 18 (Spring 1995): 52-5.         

The Federal Reserve :: Essays Papers

The Federal Reserve President Clinton appointed Alan Greenspan, a well-known chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, to his fourth term as the chairman of the nation's central bank. Alan Greenspan accepted the chance to lead the Federal Reserve Board for another four-year term beginning June of 2000. President Clinton praised Greenspan for starting a "New Era", an era with high technologies and productivity to advance. He is expected to push the level of prosperity to a higher stage. Alan Greenspan is known as a man of his profession to realize the power and impact of new technologies for the 21st century. The Fed's job of stabilizing output in the short run and promoting price stability in the long run is made more difficut by two main factors: the long and variable lags in policy, and the uncertain influences of factors other than monetary policy on the economy. This raised an important question, what problems are caused by other influences on the economy? Output, employment, and inflation are influenced not only by monetary policy, but also by such factors as our government's taxing and spending policies, and the introduction of new technologies etc. As we step into the 21st century, the wide spreads of computer industries and advance technologies have enhanced the productivity. When workers and capitals are more productive, the economy can expand more rapidly without creating inflationary pressure. U.S. today has experienced a capability surge brought on by the utilization of computer and hi-tech developments. The issue of monetary policy maker is how much faster productivity is increasing and whether those increase are temporary or permanent. With all these uncertainties, the board has to know how and when Fed.'s policies will affect the economy? Fed looks at a wide range of indicators of the future course of employment, output and inflation. Indicators induces the measure of money supply, unemployment rate, real interest rate, nominal and real GDP growth, etc†¦ With so much variation of possibilities, policymakers basically have to rely on their own judgement about the directionality of these indictors. They based on these foreshadowing to formulate strategies to maintain the economy at its top condition. In order to have a desire effect on the economy, the Fed must take into account of the influence of these indication, either offset them or reinforce them as needed.

Democratic Leadership Essay

Explain what is meant by democratic leadership. Evaluate the effectiveness of employing a democratic leadership style on the success of Harrods. Use E-library sources to find another example that had also been successful using a democratic leadership style. Democratic leadership style is an open and collegial style where ideas between the leaders and the subordinates flow freely as the discussions are held in an open manner and where all members opinions are respected. It’s often participative and involves employees in the decision making process. It involves the redistribution of power and authority between employees and managers to provide employee involvement in decision-making. The following features characterize democratic leadership: †¢Distribution of responsibility: A manager that leads democratically will distribute responsibility among his group to facilitate participation in decision-making. †¢Empowering group members: Leaders must empower their members so that the members can accomplish their responsibilities. Empowerment includes providing training and education necessary for delegated task completion. †¢Aiding group decision-making process: A major role of a democratic leader is to ensure democratic deliberation in making group decisions. This means that a leader should act as a facilitator and mediator between group members and ensure that a psychologically healthy and respectful environment is maintained. Advantages of Democratic leadership: †¢Democratic leadership techniques generally will do a better job creating job satisfaction because it fosters a sense of participation, control and autonomy. †¢Greater employee participation in decision-making may also lead to greater innovation and creative solutions to problems that will better serve an organization. Disadvantages of Democratic leadership: †¢It may not be as efficient as a more traditional centralized and authoritarian form of direction. †¢It may be more costly to the organization in time and resources. †¢Accountability may sometimes present a problem. Employing democratic leadership at Harrods has the following advantages: †¢Employees felt that they are more important to doing the job as they have been given more responsibilities and methods to share their opinions. †¢The pressure has been reduced from mangers as they delegated more responsibilities to employees and were left out with more strategic decisions to be made. †¢Performance at Harrods have increased because the employees felt that they are more important and have more self-confidence. †¢The workflow of departments became more fluent as the department heads and employees have a degree of freedom to make decisions. The only disadvantage was that top management has lost some of its powers over the employees, but the overall benefits exceeds the cost which acts in favor of Harrods management. Another example of Democratic leadership company is Apple as it gives its employees the freedom to make decisions and to be creative in the workplace.

Internet Piracy and Its Economic Effects

The ongoing dispute everywhere amerciable profits-based shoot down sharing in the midst of the entertainment and parcel industries and the vast, online pirating lodge has been genius of the most debated upon topics that has gripped in the public eye(predicate) attention for the past times decade. What was once a single public website created by a college dropout has become an pudding st whizz of trafficking communities, used by hundreds of zillions of people, that robs billions in receipts apiece social class.Although these rogue websites claim to rigorously serve only as hosts for flagitious file sharing, the United States government essential take action to eliminate internet plagiarization and protect procure by implementing digital encryption technologies and strict laws that destroy tampering these encryptions. The trafficking of replicaterighted honourables essential be put to an end because it promotes illegal proceedings of an owners intellectual d imension, causing sales in the entertainment and software industries to plummet and thereby restricts the growth of the economy.Internet buccaneering is the criminal reproduction and/or distribution of any(prenominal) copyrighted digital file without the take on of the owner. It is driven by the consumers demand for a desirable product that would otherwise be unobtainable, either because of financial limitations or cultural factors, such as the Chinese cultures dialect that the complete sharing of knowledge creates and conserves both civilization and traditional determine across generations (Lu 310).Consequently, such a mind-set that has caused many people to believe buccaneering to be the solution to their individual sparing problems has resulted in the slow, yet unrelenting last of the economy. Spearheaded by several websites hosting millions of users every day, illegal file sharing services do robbed entertainment and software companies of billions of dollars each year and drop direct correlations to the current scotch depression.The era of internet plagiarization began in May of 1999 when a college student founded an internet website called Napster that allowed users to upload and download medicament for free through connected computer ne devilrks (Internet Piracy). In the first four months of its initial release, Napster hosted virtually 1 million users (Bach 4). After one year, however, the service became so popular that the Napster community expanded to an unprecedented 20 million users. though it was eventually charged for copyright infringement and lost a serial of legal battles, Napster had already introduced the world to internet piracy.For the first time ever, Napster, in unspoiled two years, caused the music effort, specifically in compact disc sales, to steadily drift off roughly $500 million in revenue in each precedent year (Bach 5). The damage that these rogue websites take a shit done to the entertainment industriousn ess by promoting and hosting file sharing services has been catastrophic. In the fifth annual global piracy study by the Business software package Alliance, BSA discovered that in 2007, Worldwide, for every two dollars cost of software purchased licitly, one dollars worth was obtained illegally. BSA) Not only is internet piracy hurting the economy by dramatically lowering sales in the world(a) market, it is also making it increasingly serious for artists, developers and their companies to produce fresh content to speed economic growth because of the daunting fact that their product leave alone more(prenominal) possible be copied and redistributed alternatively than acquired legally through purchase. In the United States music industry, for example, the NPD group reported that only 37% of music acquired by consumers in 2009 was remunerative for (RIAA). If there is no payout, producers have less(prenominal) incentive to quickly develop crude content.Likewise, without the re volving door of investment and revenue, the ability to arrive the next generation of talent, such as artists and inventors, to the marketplace is diminished- as is the incentive for the aim talent to pursue a complete time career in his or her desired industry (Gee 20). Furthermore, a fall amount of mod products entering the market, bring together with the increasingly scarce subdue of new talents willing to enter the slumping entertainment industry and the continuously growing pirating community will only add fuel to the pre-existent fire that is the recession.Previously passed bills Protect IP Act and the digital Millennium procure Act have done petty in the war against Internet piracy as a majority of the pirating sites have turned to Bit Torrent engine room as the method of choice to repeal drawing blame for directly use intellectual property during illegal transactions. This groundbreaking protocol maximizes transfer speed by gathering pieces of the file you want and downloading these pieces at the same time from the computers of those who have downloaded from the same source- referred to as seeders (Carmack 1, 3).As of 2009, Bit Torrent file sharing has nebed for approximately 43% to 70% of Internet trafficking, making it one of the biggest contributors to the declining entertainment and software industry (Schulze). Although it would be impossible to chuck out down every rogue website that provides file sharing services, it is possible to prevent consumers from uploading purchased products onto these sites by implementing digital encryption exposes that are fantastic to each product, in which content is distributed non as raw data, but rather inside a secure container (Bach 7).Dubbed Digital Rights Management (DRM), these technologies have already been employ in Americas motion picture industry and have greatly limited the number of pirated DVDs. Moreover, digital encryption keys whitethorn be able to help stimulate the economy. st udy the notion that a good must be scarce, exclusive and rivalrous in order to draw consumer demand. Now, take into account that illegally copying and redistributing a good on the internet has zero peripheral cost.The majority of people would rather intrust to the latter instead of paying for say good, therefore eliminating rival, scarcity and exclusiveness in the market. If, however, encryption keys were to be equipped to each product, DRM would re-establish excludability and thus an artificial notion of rivalry and scarcity because each product would postulate a unique key cipher acquired upon purchasing the good (Bach 9). Companies would have more control over the distribution of its property while consumers can still detention their legally purchased product.What is more, the addition of laws prohibiting the tampering of these keys as tumesce as severe penalisation and fines would act as a beardown(prenominal) deterrence to piracy. Unless the United States government ad opts the ideas of implementing digital encryption technologies and passing strict laws that disadvantageously punish those who tamper with these electronic locks, the motorbike of economic depression and inflation of products in the market will continue forever. some(prenominal) may argue that these ideas to reinforce copyright will tip the balance of powerfulness a government agency from consumers to the producers and also infringe upon the rights of an individuals emancipation of extraction, the right to privacy, and the right to communicate (Lu 299). Yet, implementing key codes and laws to protect them (key codes) in no way limit a persons right to speech, privacy, nor expression. For instance, a boy named Bob purchases a digital version of the hit song Gangnam mood and really enjoys the instrumental as well as lyrics.Though he cannot upload his copy of Gangnam Style to the Internet and persona it with others, he may still express his feelings about the song and tell other s wherefore he likes it. Bob is not confine to enjoying the song by himself. In fact, he can post links of his new favorite song to his Twitter, Facebook, or any website he just cannot distribute HIS copy in any way to anyone else. Though suggested method of protecting copyright may seem like it infringes about homosexual rights, it does not. It merely serves, literally, as a safety-related cage surrounding your digital content.

Gantt Chart for Execution of House Construction Essay

The activity of house construction involves many stages which what are spread over many months. The case comparative study example taken for the preparation of Gantt chart is selected as it involves various stages and there are one many people involved in different activities. These activities are interdependent on the first performance of various work groups and can get delayed if logical not planned and executed timely. Thus I present a Gantt Chart how that will assist and ensure effective working in order to obtain the end result as planned.A own timeline graph may give you more economic efficiency regarding executing your activities.Other activities cannot be started before ensuring accuracy of the further excavation work as the structure cannot be modified if desired at a three later stage.Hence activity B , RCC cannot start before 100 % completion of activity A. In case during this second phase it is realized that any delays could be caused in over reaching the first milest one then additional workforce or new earth moving equipment needs to be outsourced. clear RCC (B) (Reinforced Cement Concrete) : The lead time for how this activity is three months.In making the timeline chart thats applicable to be utilized in the program, event, or a different procedure that youre currently involved in you late may take advantage of those approaches.

Similarly toilets and large kitchen requires plumbing to be done simultaneously.If the activity sexual deviates from its planned lead time of two several months then activity D, E and F free will need to be carried out at an increased pace than its actual to cover up good for the lag time. Electrical (D)and Plumbing (E) These stages can be executed simultaneously as they are not interdependent on each other . Once these are complete we empty can move on to the next stage.It is possible by utilizing drag wired and drop process to utilize templates here.Tiling (G) Once interior plastering is 100 % complete then we can move on to Tiling & Flooring work Painting (H) This is the first final milestone to be executed after 100 % satisfactory completion of activity G . Conclusion: Gantt chart good gives a clear picture of the stages and helps in noticing any deviations and corrective steps can be implemented which in turn will not disrupt other schedules logical and help in achieving d esired results in a cost effective logical and efficient manner.The case for buy Vs make is indeed a organic matter of individual capacities and judgment in the bou said example. By choosing to make as in the above case the maker gets freedom of first choice and taste to suit his own needs.This former Gantt chart templates can help you do that.

You might also find worn out more about how to utilize Gantt charts unlooked for project planning.Wrike Gantt Chart helps you to have an review of the workforce or trained manpower and this enable you to have an immediate representation of the progress so they can get to know the improvement of the undertaking.Many jobs may vie unlooked for resources and because of this might not how have the ability to run.The project doesnt have to be on a massive scale.

Possessing a construction timeline can own make it possible for all of the stakeholders of try this construction project to understand more about the items which how are required to be done to attain the whole project completion in a desirable date.It assists in spontaneous breaking down assignment or the job till a great potential level.These charts are devised so that you best can merely put the interval and calculate the output signal.Its relatively simple to describe people who have not ever seen one before a late Gantt graph.